Income Tax 2025

Chapter I: PRELIMINARY ​

• Sec 1. Short title, extent and commencement.
• Sec 2. Definitions.
• Sec 3. Definition of "tax year".

CHAPTER II: BASIS OF CHARGE ​

• Sec 4. Charge of income-tax.
• Sec 5. Scope of total income.
• Sec 6. Residence in India.
• Sec 7. Income deemed to be received.
• Sec 8. Income on receipt of capital asset or stock-in-trade by specified person from specified entity.
• Sec 9. Income deemed to accrue or arise in India.
• Sec 10. Apportionment of income between spouses governed by Portuguese Civil Code.

CHAPTER III: INCOMES WHICH DO NOT FORM PART OF TOTAL INCOME ​

A.—Incomes not to be included in total income ​

• Sec 11. Incomes not included in total income.

B.—Incomes not to be included in total income of political parties and electoral trusts ​

• Sec 12. Incomes not included in total income of political parties and electoral trusts.

CHAPTER IV: COMPUTATION OF TOTAL INCOME ​

A.—Heads of income ​

• Sec 13. Heads of income.
• Sec 14. Income not forming part of total income and expenditure in relation to such income.

B.—Salaries ​

• Sec 15. Salaries.
• Sec 16. Income from salary.
• Sec 17. Perquisite.
• Sec 18. Profits in lieu of salary.
• Sec 19. Deductions from salaries.

C.—Income from house property ​

• Sec 20. Income from house property.
• Sec 21. Determination of annual value.
• Sec 22. Deductions from income from house property.
• Sec 23. Arrears of rent and unrealised rent received subsequently.
• Sec 24. Property owned by co-owners.
• Sec 25. Interpretation.

D.—Profits and gains of business or profession ​

• Sec 26. Income under head "Profits and gains of business or profession".
• Sec 27. Manner of computing profits and gains of business or profession.
• Sec 28. Rent, rates, taxes, repairs and insurance.
• Sec 29. Deductions related to employee welfare.
• Sec 30. Deduction on certain premium.
• Sec 31. Deduction for bad debt and provision for bad and doubtful debt.
• Sec 32. Other deductions.
• Sec 33. Deduction for depreciation.
• Sec 34. General conditions for allowable deductions.
• Sec 35. Amounts not deductible in certain circumstances.
• Sec 36. Expenses or payments not deductible in certain circumstances.
• Sec 37. Certain deductions allowed on actual payment basis only.
• Sec 38. Certain sums deemed as profits and gains of business or profession.
• Sec 39. Computation of actual cost.
• Sec 40. Special provision for computation of cost of acquisition of certain assets.
• Sec 41. Written down value of depreciable asset.
• Sec 42. Capitalising the impact of foreign exchange fluctuation.
• Sec 43. Taxation of foreign exchange fluctuation.
• Sec 44. Amortisation of certain preliminary expenses.
• Sec 45. Expenditure on scientific research.
• Sec 46. Capital expenditure of specified business.
• Sec 47. Expenditure on agricultural extension project and skill development project.
• Sec 48. Tea development account, coffee development account and rubber development account.
• Sec 49. Site Restoration Fund.
• Sec 50. Special provision in the case of trade, profession or similar association.
• Sec 51. Amortisation of expenditure for prospecting certain minerals.
• Sec 52. Amortisation of expenditure for telecommunications services, amalgamation, demerger, scheme of voluntary retirement, etc.
• Sec 53. Full value of consideration for transfer of assets other than capital assets in certain cases.
• Sec 54. Business of prospecting for mineral oils.
• Sec 55. Insurance business.
• Sec 56. Special provision in case of interest income of specified financial institutions.
• Sec 57. Revenue recognition for construction and service contracts.
• Sec 58. Special provision for computing profits and gains of business or profession on presumptive basis in case of certain residents.
• Sec 59. Chargeability of royalty and fee for technical services in hands of non-residents.
• Sec 60. Deduction of head office expenditure in case of non-residents.
• Sec 61. Special provision for computation of income on presumptive basis in respect of certain business activities of certain non-residents.
• Sec 62. Maintenance of books of account.
• Sec 63. Tax audit.
• Sec 64. Facilitating payments in electronic modes.
• Sec 65. Special provision for computing deductions in case of business reorganisation of co-operative banks.
• Sec 66. Interpretation.

E.—Capital gains ​

• Sec 67. Capital gains.
• Sec 68. Capital gains on distribution of assets by companies in liquidation.
• Sec 69. Capital gains on purchase by company of its own shares or other specified securities.
• Sec 70. Transactions not regarded as transfer.
• Sec 71. Withdrawal of exemption in certain cases.
• Sec 72. Mode of computation of capital gains.
• Sec 73. Cost with reference to certain modes of acquisition.
• Sec 74. Special provision for computation of capital gains in case of depreciable assets.
• Sec 75. Special provision for cost of acquisition in case of depreciable asset.
• Sec 76. Special provision for computation of capital gains in case of Market Linked Debenture.
• Sec 77. Special provision for computation of capital gains in case of slump sale.
• Sec 78. Special provision for full value of consideration in certain cases.
• Sec 79. Special provision for full value of consideration for transfer of share other than quoted share.
• Sec 80. Fair market value deemed to be full value of consideration in certain cases.
• Sec 81. Advance money received.
• Sec 82. Profit on sale of property used for residence.
• Sec 83. Capital gains on transfer of land used for agricultural purposes not to be charged in certain cases.
• Sec 84. Capital gains on compulsory acquisition of lands and buildings not to be charged in certain cases.
• Sec 85. Capital gains not to be charged on investment in certain bonds.
• Sec 86. Capital gains on transfer of certain capital assets not to be charged in case of investment in residential house.
• Sec 87. Exemption of capital gains on transfer of assets in cases of shifting of industrial undertaking from urban area.
• Sec 88. Exemption of capital gains on transfer of assets in cases of shifting of industrial undertaking from urban area to any Special Economic Zone.
• Sec 89. Extension of time for acquiring new asset or depositing or investing amount of capital gains.
• Sec 90. Meaning of "adjusted", "cost of improvement" and "cost of acquisition".
• Sec 91. Reference to Valuation Officer.

F.—Income from other sources ​

• Sec 92. Income from other sources.
• Sec 93. Deductions.
• Sec 94. Amounts not deductible.
• Sec 95. Profits chargeable to tax.

CHAPTER V: INCOME OF OTHER PERSONS, INCLUDED IN TOTAL INCOME OF ASSESSEE ​

• Sec 96. Transfer of income without transfer of assets.
• Sec 97. Chargeability of income in transfer of assets.
• Sec 98. "Transfer" and "revocable transfer" defined.
• Sec 99. Income of individual to include income of spouse, minor child, etc.
• Sec 100. Liability of person in respect of income included in income of another person.

CHAPTER VI: AGGREGATION OF INCOME ​

• Sec 101. Total income.
• Sec 102. Unexplained credits.
• Sec 103. Unexplained investment.
• Sec 104. Unexplained asset.
• Sec 105. Unexplained expenditure.
• Sec 106. Amount borrowed or repaid through negotiable instrument, hundi, etc.
• Sec 107. Charge of tax.

CHAPTER VII: SET OFF, OR CARRY FORWARD AND SET OFF OF LOSSES ​

• Sec 108. Set off of losses under the same head of income.
• Sec 109. Set off of losses under any other head of income.
• Sec 110. Carry forward and set off of loss from house property.
• Sec 111. Carry forward and set off of loss from capital gains.
• Sec 112. Carry forward and set off of business loss.
• Sec 113. Set off and carry forward of losses from speculation business.
• Sec 114. Set off and carry forward of losses from specified business.
• Sec 115. Set off and carry forward of losses from specified activity.
• Sec 116. Treatment of accumulated losses and unabsorbed depreciation in amalgamation or demerger, etc.
• Sec 117. Treatment of accumulated losses and unabsorbed depreciation in scheme of amalgamation in certain cases.
• Sec 118. Carry forward and set off of losses and unabsorbed depreciation in business reorganisation of co-operative banks.
• Sec 119. Carry forward and set off of losses not permissible in certain cases.
• Sec 120. No set off of losses against undisclosed income consequent to search, requisition and survey.
• Sec 121. Submission of return for losses.

CHAPTER VIII: DEDUCTIONS TO BE MADE IN COMPUTING TOTAL INCOME ​

A.—General ​

• Sec 122. Deductions to be made in computing total income.

B.—Deductions in respect of certain payments ​

• Sec 123. Deduction for life insurance premia, deferred annuity, contributions to provident fund, etc.
• Sec 124. Deduction in respect of employer contribution to pension scheme of Central Government.
• Sec 125. Deduction in respect of contribution to Agnipath Scheme.
• Sec 126. Deduction in respect of health insurance premia.
• Sec 127. Deduction in respect of maintenance including medical treatment of a dependant who is a person with disability.
• Sec 128. Deduction in respect of medical treatment, etc.
• Sec 129. Deduction in respect of interest on loan taken for higher education.
• Sec 130. Deduction in respect of interest on loan taken for residential house property.
• Sec 131. Deduction in respect of interest on loan taken for certain house property.
• Sec 132. Deduction in respect of purchase of electric vehicle.
• Sec 133. Deduction in respect of donations to certain funds, charitable institutions, etc.
• Sec 134. Deductions in respect of rents paid.
• Sec 135. Deduction in respect of certain donations for scientific research or rural development.
• Sec 136. Deduction in respect of contributions given by companies to political parties.
• Sec 137. Deduction in respect of contributions given by any person to political parties.

C.—Deductions in respect of certain incomes ​

• Sec 138. Deductions in respect of profits and gains from industrial undertakings or enterprises engaged in infrastructure development, etc.
• Sec 139. Deductions in respect of profits and gains by an undertaking or enterprise engaged in development of Special Economic Zone.
• Sec 140. Special provision in respect of specified business.
• Sec 141. Deduction in respect of profits and gains from certain industrial undertakings.
• Sec 142. Deductions in respect of profits and gains from housing projects.
• Sec 143. Special provisions in respect of certain undertakings in North-Eastern States.
• Sec 144. Special provisions in respect of newly established Units in Special Economic Zones.
• Sec 145. Deduction for businesses engaged in collecting and processing of bio-degradable waste.
• Sec 146. Deduction in respect of additional employee cost.
• Sec 147. Deductions for income of Offshore Banking Units and Units of International Financial Services Centre.
• Sec 148. Deduction in respect of certain inter-corporate dividends.
• Sec 149. Deduction in respect of income of co-operative societies.
• Sec 150. Deduction in respect of certain income of Producer Companies.
• Sec 151. Deduction in respect of royalty income, etc., of authors of certain books other than text-books.
• Sec 152. Deduction in respect of royalty on patents.

D.—Deductions in respect of other incomes ​

• Sec 153. Deduction for interest on deposits.

E.—Other deductions ​

• Sec 154. Deduction in case of a person with disability.

CHAPTER IX : REBATES AND RELIEFS ​

A.—Rebates and reliefs ​

• Sec 155. Rebate to be allowed in computing income-tax.
• Sec 156. Rebate of income-tax in case of certain individuals.
• Sec 157. Relief when salary, etc., is paid in arrears or in advance.
• Sec 158. Relief from taxation in income from retirement benefit account maintained in a notified country.

B.—Double taxation relief ​

• Sec 159. Agreement with foreign countries or specified territories and adoption by Central Government of agreement between specified associations for double taxation relief.
• Sec 160. Countries with which no agreement exists.

CHAPTER X : SPECIAL PROVISIONS RELATING TO AVOIDANCE OF TAX ​

• Sec 161. Computation of income from international transaction and specified domestic transaction having regard to arm’s length price.
• Sec 162. Meaning of associated enterprise.
• Sec 163. Meaning of international transaction.
• Sec 164. Meaning of specified domestic transaction.
• Sec 165. Determination of arm’s length price.
• Sec 166. Reference to Transfer Pricing Officer.
• Sec 167. Power of Board to make safe harbour rules.
• Sec 168. Advance pricing agreement.
• Sec 169. Effect to advance pricing agreement.
• Sec 170. Secondary adjustment in certain cases.
• Sec 171. Maintenance, keeping and furnishing of information and document by certain persons.
• Sec 172. Report from an accountant to be furnished by persons entering into international transaction or specified domestic transaction.
• Sec 173. Definitions of certain terms relevant to determination of arm’s length price, etc.
• Sec 174. Avoidance of income-tax by transactions resulting in transfer of income to non-residents.
• Sec 175. Avoidance of tax by certain transactions in securities.
• Sec 176. Special measures in respect of transactions with persons located in notified jurisdictional area.
• Sec 177. Limitation on interest deduction in certain cases.

CHAPTER XI : GENERAL ANTI-AVOIDANCE RULE ​

• Sec 178. Applicability of General Anti-Avoidance Rule.
• Sec 179. Impermissible avoidance arrangement.
• Sec 180. Arrangement to lack commercial substance.
• Sec 181. Consequences of impermissible avoidance arrangement.
• Sec 182. Treatment of connected person and accommodating party.
• Sec 183. Application of this Chapter.
• Sec 184. Interpretation.

CHAPTER XII : MODE OF PAYMENT IN CERTAIN CASES, ETC. ​

• Sec 185. Mode of taking or accepting certain loans, deposits and specified sum.
• Sec 186. Mode of undertaking transactions.
• Sec 187. Acceptance of payment through prescribed electronic modes.
• Sec 188. Mode of repayment of certain loans or deposits.
• Sec 189. Interpretation.

CHAPTER XIII : DETERMINATION OF TAX IN SPECIAL CASES ​

A.—Determination of tax in certain special cases ​

• Sec 190. Determination of tax where total income includes income on which no tax is payable.
• Sec 191. Tax on accumulated balance of recognised provident fund.
• Sec 192. Tax in case of block assessment of search cases.
• Sec 193. Tax on income from Global Depository Receipts purchased in foreign currency or capital gains arising from their transfer.
• Sec 194. Tax on certain incomes.
• Sec 195. Tax on income referred to in section 102 or 103 or 104 or 105 or 106.

B.—Special provisions relating to tax on capital gains ​

• Sec 196. Tax on short-term capital gains in certain cases.
• Sec 197. Tax on long-term capital gains.
• Sec 198. Tax on long-term capital gains in certain cases.

C.—New tax regime ​

• Sec 199. Tax on income of certain manufacturing domestic companies.
• Sec 200. Tax on income of certain domestic companies.
• Sec 201. Tax on income of new manufacturing domestic companies.
• Sec 202. New tax regime for individuals, Hindu undivided family and others.
• Sec 203. Tax on income of certain resident co-operative societies.
• Sec 204. Tax on income of certain new manufacturing co-operative societies.
• Sec 205. Conditions for tax on income of certain companies and cooperative societies.

D.––Special provisions relating to minimum alternate tax and alternate minimum tax ​

• Sec 206. Special provision for minimum alternate tax and alternate minimum tax.

E.—Special provisions relating to non-residents and foreign company ​

• Sec 207. Tax on dividends, royalty and technical service fees in case of foreign companies.
• Sec 208. Tax on income from units purchased in foreign currency or capital gains arising from their transfer.
• Sec 209. Tax on income from bonds or Global Depository Receipts purchased in foreign currency or capital gains arising from their transfer.
• Sec 210. Tax on income of Foreign Institutional Investors from securities or capital gains arising from their transfer.
• Sec 211. Tax on non-resident sportsmen or sports associations.
• Sec 212. Interpretation.
• Sec 213. Special provision for computation of total income of non-residents.
• Sec 214. Tax on investment income and long-term capital gains.
• Sec 215. Capital gains on transfer of foreign exchange assets not to be charged in certain cases.
• Sec 216. Return of income not to be furnished in certain cases.
• Sec 217. Benefit to be available in certain cases even after assessee becomes resident.
• Sec 218. Provisions not to apply if the assessee so chooses.
• Sec 219. Conversion of an Indian branch of foreign company into subsidiary Indian company.
• Sec 220. Foreign company said to be resident in India.

F.—Special provisions relating to pass-through entities ​

• Sec 221. Tax on income from securitisation trusts.
• Sec 222. Tax on income in case of venture capital undertakings.
• Sec 223. Tax on income of unit holder and business trust.
• Sec 224. Tax on income of investment fund and its unit holders.

G.––Special provisions relating to income of shipping companies ​

• Sec 225. Income from the business of operating qualifying ships.
• Sec 226. Tonnage tax scheme.
• Sec 227. Computation of tonnage income.
• Sec 228. Relevant shipping income and exclusion from book profit.
• Sec 229. Depreciation and gains relating to tonnage tax assets.
• Sec 230. Exclusion of deduction, loss, set off, etc.
• Sec 231. Method of opting of tonnage tax scheme and validity.
• Sec 232. Certain conditions for applicability of tonnage tax scheme.
• Sec 233. Amalgamation and demerger.
• Sec 234. Avoidance of tax and exclusion from tonnage tax scheme.
• Sec 235. Interpretation.

CHAPTER XIV : TAX ADMINISTRATION ​

A.—Authorities, jurisdiction and functions ​

• Sec 236. Income-tax authorities.
• Sec 237. Appointment of income-tax authorities.
• Sec 238. Control of income-tax authorities.
• Sec 239. Instructions to subordinate authorities.
• Sec 240. Taxpayer’s Charter.
• Sec 241. Jurisdiction of income-tax authorities.
• Sec 242. Jurisdiction of Assessing Officers.
• Sec 243. Power to transfer cases.
• Sec 244. Change of incumbent of an office.
• Sec 245. Faceless jurisdiction of income-tax authorities.

B.—Powers ​

• Sec 246. Power regarding discovery, production of evidence, etc.
• Sec 247. Search and seizure.
• Sec 248. Powers to requisition.
• Sec 249. Reasons not to be disclosed.
• Sec 250. Application of seized or requisitioned assets.
• Sec 251. Copying, extraction, retention and release of books of account and documents seized or requisitioned.
• Sec 252. Power to call for information.
• Sec 253. Powers of survey.
• Sec 254. Power to collect certain information.
• Sec 255. Power to inspect registers of companies.
• Sec 256. Power of competent authority.
• Sec 257. Proceedings before income-tax authorities to be judicial proceedings.
• Sec 258. Disclosure of information relating to assessees.
• Sec 259. Power to call for information by prescribed income-tax authority.
• Sec 260. Faceless collection of information.
• Sec 261. Interpretation.

CHAPTER XV : RETURN OF INCOME ​

A.––Allotment of Permanent Account Number ​

• Sec 262. Permanent Account Number.

B.––Filing of return of income and processing ​

• Sec 263. Return of income.
• Sec 264. Scheme for submission of returns through tax return preparers.
• Sec 265. Return by whom to be verified.
• Sec 266. Self-assessment.
• Sec 267. Tax on updated return.

CHAPTER XVI : PROCEDURE FOR ASSESSMENT ​

A.—Procedure for assessment ​

• Sec 268. Inquiry before assessment.
• Sec 269. Estimation of value of assets by Valuation Officer.
• Sec 270. Assessment.
• Sec 271. Best judgment assessment.
• Sec 272. Power of Joint Commissioner to issue directions in certain cases.
• Sec 273. Faceless Assessment.
• Sec 274. Reference to Principal Commissioner or Commissioner in certain cases.
• Sec 275. Reference to Dispute Resolution Panel.
• Sec 276. Method of accounting.
• Sec 277. Method of accounting in certain cases.
• Sec 278. Taxability of certain income.
• Sec 279. Income escaping assessment.
• Sec 280. Issue of notice.
• Sec 281. Procedure before issuance of notice under section 280.
• Sec 282. Time limit for notices under sections 280 and 281.
• Sec 283. Provision for cases where assessment is in pursuance of an order on appeal, etc.
• Sec 284. Sanction for issue of notice.
• Sec 285. Other provisions.
• Sec 286. Time limit for completion of assessment, reassessment and recomputation.
• Sec 287. Rectification of mistake.
• Sec 288. Other amendments.
• Sec 289. Notice of demand.
• Sec 290. Modification and revision of notice in certain cases.
• Sec 291. Intimation of loss.

B.––Special procedure for assessment of search cases ​

• Sec 292. Assessment of income pertaining to the block period.
• Sec 293. Computation of total income of block period.
• Sec 294. Procedure for block assessment.
• Sec 295. Undisclosed income of any other person.
• Sec 296. Time-limit for completion of block assessment.
• Sec 297. Certain interests and penalties not to be levied or imposed.
• Sec 298. Levy of interest and penalty in certain cases.
• Sec 299. Authority competent to make assessment of block period.
• Sec 300. Application of other provisions of Act.
• Sec 301. Interpretation.

CHAPTER XVII : SPECIAL PROVISIONS RELATING TO CERTAIN PERSONS ​

A.––Association of persons, firm, Hindu undivided family, etc. ​

1.––Legal representatives ​

• Sec 302. Legal representative.

2.–– Representative assesses—General provisions ​

• Sec 303. Representative assessee.
• Sec 304. Liability of representative assessee.
• Sec 305. Right of representative assessee to recover tax paid.

3.––Representative assesses—Special cases ​

• Sec 306. Who may be regarded as agent.
• Sec 307. Charge of tax where share of beneficiaries unknown.
• Sec 308. Charge of tax in case of oral trust.

4.––Association of persons and body of individual ​

• Sec 309. Method of computing a member's share in income of association of persons or body of individuals.
• Sec 310. Share of member of an association of persons or body of individuals in income of association or body.
• Sec 311. Charge of tax where shares of members in association of persons or body of individuals unknown, etc.

5.––Executors ​

• Sec 312. Executor.

6.––Succession to business or profession ​

• Sec 313. Succession to business or profession otherwise than on death.
• Sec 314. Effect of order of tribunal or court in respect of business reorganisation.

7.––Partition ​

• Sec 315. Assessment after partition of a Hindu undivided family.

8.––Profits of non-residents from occasional shipping business ​

• Sec 316. Shipping business of non-residents.

9.––Persons leaving India ​

• Sec 317. Assessment of persons leaving India.

10.—Association of persons or body of individuals or artificial juridical person formed for a particular event or purpose ​

• Sec 318. Assessment of association of persons or body of individuals or artificial juridical person formed for a particular event or purpose.

11.—Persons trying to alienate their assets ​

• Sec 319. Assessment of persons likely to transfer property to avoid tax.

12.––Discontinuance of business, or dissolution ​

• Sec 320. Discontinued business.
• Sec 321. Association dissolved or business discontinued.
• Sec 322. Company in liquidation.

13.—Private companies ​

• Sec 323. Liability of directors of private company.

14.––Assessment of firms ​

• Sec 324. Charge of tax in case of a firm.
• Sec 325. Assessment as a Firm.
• Sec 326. Assessment when section 325 not complied with.

15.––Change in constitution, succession and dissolution ​

• Sec 327. Change in constitution of a firm.
• Sec 328. Succession of one firm by another firm.
• Sec 329. Joint and several liability of partners for tax payable by firm.
• Sec 330. Firm dissolved or business discontinued.

16.––Liability of partners of limited liability partnership in liquidation ​

• Sec 331. Liability of partners of limited liability partnership in liquidation.

B.––Special Provisions for Registered non-profit organisation ​

1.––Registration ​

• Sec 332. Application for registration.
• Sec 333. Switching over of regimes.

2.––Income of registered non-profit organisation ​

• Sec 334. Tax on income of registered non-profit organisation.
• Sec 335. Regular income.
• Sec 336. Taxable regular income.
• Sec 337. Specified income.
• Sec 338. Income not to be included in regular income.
• Sec 339. Corpus donation.
• Sec 340. Deemed corpus donation.
• Sec 341. Application of income.
• Sec 342. Accumulated income.
• Sec 343. Deemed accumulated income.

3.––Commercial activities by registered non-profit organisation ​

• Sec 344. Business undertaking held as property.
• Sec 345. Restriction on commercial activities by a registered non-profit organisation.
• Sec 346. Restriction on commercial activities by registered non-profit organisation carrying out advancement of any other object of general public utility.

4.––Compliances ​

• Sec 347. Books of account.
• Sec 348. Audit.
• Sec 349. Return of income.
• Sec 350. Permitted modes of investment.

5.––Violations ​

• Sec 351. Specified violation.
• Sec 352. Tax on accreted income.
• Sec 353. Other violations.

6.––Approval for purpose of deduction under section 133(1)(b)(ii) ​

• Sec 354. Application for approval for purpose of section 133(1)(b)(ii).

7.––Interpretation ​

• Sec 355. Interpretation.

CHAPTER XVIII : APPEALS, REVISION AND ALTERNATE DISPUTE RESOLUTIONS ​

A.––Appeals ​

1.––Appeals to Joint Commissioner (Appeals) and Commissioner (Appeals) ​

• Sec 356. Appealable orders before Joint Commissioner (Appeals).
• Sec 357. Appealable orders before Commissioner (Appeals).
• Sec 358. Form of appeal and limitation.
• Sec 359. Procedure in appeal.
• Sec 360. Powers of Joint Commissioner (Appeals) or Commissioner (Appeals).

2.—Appeals to Appellate Tribunal ​

• Sec 361. Appellate Tribunal.
• Sec 362. Appeals to Appellate Tribunal.
• Sec 363. Orders of Appellate Tribunal.
• Sec 364. Procedure of Appellate Tribunal.

3.—Appeals to High Court. ​

• Sec 365. Appeal to High Court.
• Sec 366. Case before High Court to be heard by not less than two Judges.

4.––Appeals to Supreme Court. ​

• Sec 367. Appeal to Supreme Court.
• Sec 368. Hearing before Supreme Court.

5.––General ​

• Sec 369. Tax to be paid irrespective of appeal, etc.
• Sec 370. Execution for costs awarded by Supreme Court.
• Sec 371. Amendment of assessment on appeal.
• Sec 372. Exclusion of time taken for copy.
• Sec 373. Filing of appeal by income-tax authority.
• Sec 374. Interpretation of “High Court”.

B.––Special provisions for avoiding repetitive appeals ​

• Sec 375. Procedure when assessee claims identical question of law is pending before High Court or Supreme Court.
• Sec 376. Procedure where an identical question of law is pending before High Courts or Supreme Court.

C.––Revision by the Principal Commissioner or Commissioner. ​

• Sec 377. Revision of orders prejudicial to revenue.
• Sec 378. Revision of other orders.

D.––Alternate dispute resolutions ​

1.––Dispute Resolution Committee in certain cases ​

• Sec 379. Dispute Resolution Committee.

2.––Advance rulings ​

• Sec 380. Interpretation.
• Sec 381. Board for Advance Rulings.
• Sec 382. Vacancies, etc., not to invalidate proceedings.
• Sec 383. Application for advance ruling.
• Sec 384. Procedure on receipt of application.
• Sec 385. Appellate authority not to proceed in certain cases.
• Sec 386. Advance ruling to be void in certain circumstances.
• Sec 387. Powers of the Board for Advance Rulings.
• Sec 388. Procedure of Board for Advance Rulings.
• Sec 389. Appeal.

CHAPTER XIX: COLLECTION AND RECOVERY OF TAX ​

A.––General ​

• Sec 390. Deduction or collection at source and advance payment.
• Sec 391. Direct payment.

B.––Deduction and collection at source ​

• Sec 392. Salary and accumulated balance due to an employee.
• Sec 393. Tax to be deducted at source.
• Sec 394. Collection of tax at source.
• Sec 395. Certificates.
• Sec 396. Tax deducted is income received.
• Sec 397. Compliance and reporting.
• Sec 398. Consequences of failure to deduct or pay or collect or pay.
• Sec 399. Processing.
• Sec 400. Power of Central Government to relax provisions of this Chapter.
• Sec 401. Bar against direct demand on assessee.
• Sec 402. Interpretation.

C.––Advance payment of tax ​

• Sec 403. Liability for payment of advance tax.
• Sec 404. Conditions of liability to pay advance tax.
• Sec 405. Computation of advance tax.
• Sec 406. Payment of advance tax by assessee on his own accord.
• Sec 407. Payment of advance tax by assessee in pursuance of order of Assessing Officer.
• Sec 408. Instalments of advance tax and due dates.
• Sec 409. When assessee is deemed to be in default.
• Sec 410. Credit for advance tax.

D.––Collection and recovery ​

• Sec 411. When tax payable and when assessee deemed in default.
• Sec 412. Penalty payable when tax in default.
• Sec 413. Certificate by Tax Recovery Officer and Validity thereof.
• Sec 414. Tax Recovery Officer by whom recovery is to be effected.
• Sec 415. Stay of proceedings in pursuance of certificate and amendment or cancellation thereof.
• Sec 416. Other modes of recovery.
• Sec 417. Recovery through State Government.
• Sec 418. Recovery of tax in pursuance of agreements with foreign countries.
• Sec 419. Recovery of penalties, fine, interest and other sums.
• Sec 420. Tax clearance certificate.
• Sec 421. Recovery by suit or under other law not affected.
• Sec 422. Recovery of tax arrear in respect of non-resident from his assets.

E.––Interest chargeable in certain cases ​

• Sec 423. Interest for defaults in furnishing return of income.
• Sec 424. Interest for defaults in payment of advance tax.
• Sec 425. Interest for deferment of advance tax.
• Sec 426. Interest on excess refund.
• Sec 427. Fee for default in furnishing statements.
• Sec 428. Fee for default in furnishing return of income.
• Sec 429. Fee for default relating to statement or certificate.
• Sec 430. Fee for default relating to intimation of aadhaar number.

CHAPTER XX: REFUNDS ​

• Sec 431. Refunds.
• Sec 432. Person entitled to claim refund in certain special cases.
• Sec 433. Form of claim for refund and limitation.
• Sec 434. Refund for denying liability to deduct tax in certain cases.
• Sec 435. Refund on appeal, etc.
• Sec 436. Correctness of assessment not to be questioned.
• Sec 437. Interest on refunds.
• Sec 438. Set off and withholding of refunds in certain cases.

CHAPTER XXI: PENALTIES ​

• Sec 439. Penalty for under-reporting and misreporting of income.
• Sec 440. Immunity from imposition of penalty, etc.
• Sec 441. Failure to keep, maintain or retain books of account, documents, etc.
• Sec 442. Penalty for failure to keep and maintain information and document, etc., in respect of certain transactions.
• Sec 443. Penalty in respect of certain income.
• Sec 444. Penalty for false entry, etc., in books of account.
• Sec 445. Benefits to related persons.
• Sec 446. Failure to get accounts audited.
• Sec 447. Penalty for failure to furnish report under section 172.
• Sec 448. Penalty for failure to deduct tax at source.
• Sec 449. Penalty for failure to collect tax at source.
• Sec 450. Penalty for failure to comply with the provisions of section 185.
• Sec 451. Penalty for failure to comply with provisions of section 186.
• Sec 452. Penalty for failure to comply with provisions of section 187.
• Sec 453. Penalty for failure to comply with provisions of section 188.
• Sec 454. Penalty for failure to furnish statement of financial transaction or reportable account.
• Sec 455. Penalty for furnishing inaccurate statement of financial transaction or reportable account.
• Sec 456. Penalty for failure to furnish statement or information or document by an eligible investment fund.
• Sec 457. Penalty for failure to furnish information or document under section 171.
• Sec 458. Penalty for failure to furnish information or document under section 506.
• Sec 459. Penalty for failure to furnish report or for furnishing inaccurate report under section 511.
• Sec 460. Penalty for failure to submit statement under section 505.
• Sec 461. Penalty for failure to furnish statements, etc.
• Sec 462. Penalty for failure to furnish information or furnishing inaccurate information under section 397(3)(d).
• Sec 463. Penalty for furnishing incorrect information in reports or certificates.
• Sec 464. Penalty for failure to furnish statements, etc.
• Sec 465. Penalty for failure to answer questions, sign statements, furnish information, returns or statements, allow inspections, etc.
• Sec 466. Penalty for failure to comply with the provisions of section 254.
• Sec 467. Penalty for failure to comply with the provisions of section 262.
• Sec 468. Penalty for failure to comply with the provisions of section 397(1).
• Sec 469. Power to reduce or waive penalty, etc., in certain cases.
• Sec 470. Penalty not to be imposed in certain cases.
• Sec 471. Procedure.
• Sec 472. Bar of limitation for imposing penalties.

CHAPTER XXII: FFENCES AND PROSECUTION ​

• Sec 473. Contravention of order made under section 247.
• Sec 474. Failure to comply with section 247(1)(b)(ii).
• Sec 475. Removal, concealment, transfer or delivery of property to prevent tax recovery.
• Sec 476. Failure to pay tax to credit of Central Government under Chapter XIX-B.
• Sec 477. Failure to pay tax collected at source.
• Sec 478. Wilful attempt to evade tax, etc.
• Sec 479. Failure to furnish returns of income.
• Sec 480. Failure to furnish return of income in search cases.
• Sec 481. Failure to produce accounts and documents.
• Sec 482. False statement in verification, etc.
• Sec 483. Falsification of books of account or document, etc.
• Sec 484. Abetment of false return, etc.
• Sec 485. Punishment for second and subsequent offences.
• Sec 486. Punishment not to be imposed in certain cases.
• Sec 487. Offences by companies.
• Sec 488. Offences by Hindu undivided family.
• Sec 489. Presumption as to assets, books of account, etc., in certain cases.
• Sec 490. Presumption as to culpable mental state.
• Sec 491. Prosecution to be at instance of Principal Chief Commissioner or Chief Commissioner or Principal Commissioner or Commissioner.
• Sec 492. Certain offences to be non-cognizable.
• Sec 493. Proof of entries in records or documents.
• Sec 494. Disclosure of particulars by public servants.
• Sec 495. Special Courts.
• Sec 496. Offences triable by Special Court.
• Sec 497. Trial of offences as summons case.
• Sec 498. Application of Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 to proceedings before Special Court.

CHAPTER XXIII: MISCELLANEOUS ​

• Sec 499. Certain transfers to be void.
• Sec 500. Provisional attachment to protect revenue in certain cases.
• Sec 501. Service of notice, generally.
• Sec 502. Authentication of notices and other documents.
• Sec 503. Service of notice when family is disrupted or firm, etc., is dissolved.
• Sec 504. Service of notice in case of discontinued business.
• Sec 505. Submission of statement by a non-resident having liaison office.
• Sec 506. Furnishing of information or documents by an Indian concern in certain cases.
• Sec 507. Submission of statements by producers of cinematograph films or persons engaged in specified activity.
• Sec 508. Obligation to furnish statement of financial transaction or reportable account.
• Sec 509. Obligation to furnish information on transaction of crypto-asset.
• Sec 510. Annual information statement.
• Sec 511. Furnishing of report in respect of international group.
• Sec 512. Publication of information respecting assessees in certain cases.
• Sec 513. Appearance by registered valuer in certain matters.
• Sec 514. Registration of Valuers.
• Sec 515. Appearance by authorised representative.
• Sec 516. Rounding off of amount of total income, or tax payable or refundable.
• Sec 517. Receipt to be given.
• Sec 518. Indemnity.
• Sec 519. Power to tender immunity from prosecution.
• Sec 520. Cognizance of offences.
• Sec 521. Probation of Offenders Act, 1958 and section 401 of Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023, not to apply.
• Sec 522. Return of income, etc., not to be invalid on certain grounds.
• Sec 523. Notice deemed to be valid in certain circumstances.
• Sec 524. Presumption as to assets, books of account, etc.
• Sec 525. Authorisation and assessment in case of search or requisition.
• Sec 526. Bar of suits in civil courts.
• Sec 527. Power to make exemption, etc., in relation to participation in business of prospecting for, extraction, etc., of mineral oils.
• Sec 528. Power of Central Government or Board to condone delays in obtaining approval.
• Sec 529. Power to withdraw approval.
• Sec 530. Act to have effect pending legislative provision for charge of tax.
• Sec 531. Power to rescind exemption in relation to certain Union territories already granted under section 294A of the Income-tax Act, 1961.
• Sec 532. Power to frame Schemes.
• Sec 533. Power to make rules.
• Sec 534. Laying before Parliament.
• Sec 535. Removal of difficulties.
• Sec 536. Repeal and savings.